Nonvolatile memory device and data storage device including the same

ABSTRACT

A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device; and a controller suitable for providing a normal erase command or a fine erase command to the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the nonvolatile memory device performs a first normal erase loop in which a first normal erase voltage and an erase verify voltage are applied to erase target memory cells, according to the normal erase command, and performs a first fine erase loop in which a first fine erase voltage and the erase verify voltage are applied to the erase target memory cells, according to the fine erase command.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) toKorean application number 10-2015-0189481, filed on Dec. 30, 2015, inthe Korean Intellectual Property Office, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

Various embodiments generally relate to a data storage device includinga nonvolatile memory device and, more particularly, to a data storagedevice capable of densely forming an erased state distribution of memorycells included in a nonvolatile memory device.

2. Related Art

The paradigm for the computer environment has shifted into ubiquitouscomputing so that computer systems can now be used anywhere and at anytime. As a result, use of portable electronic devices, such as mobilephones, digital cameras, and notebook computers has rapidly increased.Generally, such portable electronic devices use a data storage devicecomprising a memory device. The data storage device is typically used asan auxiliary memory device of the portable electronic devices.

A data storage device using a memory device may provide excellentstability and durability, high information access speed, and low powerconsumption, since there is no mechanical driving part. Data storagedevices having such advantages include a universal serial bus (USB)memory device, memory cards having various interfaces, and a solid statedrive (SSD).

For portable electronic devices to be able to play large files such asmusic or video files, data storage devices having large storage capacityare required. High storage capacity data storage devices employ, asstorage media, memory devices having high integration degree in memorycells, such as, for example, flash memory devices.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments are directed to a data storage device capable ofdensely forming an erased state distribution of memory cells included ina nonvolatile memory device.

In an embodiment, a data storage device may include: a nonvolatilememory device; and a controller configured to provide a normal erasecommand or a fine erase command to the nonvolatile memory device,wherein the nonvolatile memory device performs a first normal erase loopin which a first normal erase voltage and an erase verify voltage areapplied to erase target memory cells, according to the normal erasecommand, and performs a first fine erase loop in which a first fineerase voltage and the erase verify voltage are applied to the erasetarget memory cells, according to the fine erase command.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile memory device may include: memory cells;a voltage generator configured to generate voltages to be provided tothe memory cells; and a control logic configured to perform a firstnormal erase loop in which the voltage generator is controlled such thata first normal erase voltage and an erase verify voltage are applied toerase target memory cells among the memory cells, according to a normalerase command provided from an external device, and perform a first fineerase loop in which the voltage generator is controlled such that afirst fine erase voltage and the erase verify voltage are applied to theerase target memory cells, according to a fine erase command providedfrom the external device.

According to the embodiments, it is possible to densely form an erasedstate distribution of memory cells included in a nonvolatile memorydevice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a nonvolatile memory device, according toan embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of threshold voltagedistributions of memory cells included in a memory cell array of thenonvolatile memory device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of threshold voltagedistributions of memory cells included in a memory cell array of thenonvolatile memory device of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating a stepwise erase method,according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams illustrating a normal erase operation and afine erase operation, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a data storage device, according to anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a firmware or a softwareto be driven in a random access memory of the data storage device ofFIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a data processing system including a datastorage device, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a data processing system including a solidstate drive (SSD), according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example of an SSD controller of thesolid state drive of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an example of a computer system includinga data storage device, according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention, advantages, features and methods thereof willbecome more apparent after a reading of the following exemplaryembodiments in conjunction with the drawings. The present invention may,however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed asbeing limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, theseembodiments describe the present invention in sufficient detail to allowa person skilled in the relevant art to practice the present invention.

It is to be understood that embodiments of the present invention are notlimited to the particulars shown in the drawings, that the drawings arenot necessarily to scale, and, in some instances, proportions may havebeen exaggerated in order to more dearly depict certain features of theinvention. While particular terminology is used herein, it is to beappreciated that the terminology used is for the purpose of describingparticular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope ofthe present invention.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood thatwhen an element is referred to as being “on,” “connected to” or “coupledto” another element, it may be directly on, connected or coupled to theother element or Intervening elements may be present. As used herein, asingular form is intended to include plural forms as well, unless thecontext clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood thatthe terms “includes” “including,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “has,”“having” and the like when used in this specification, specify thepresence of at least one recited feature, step, operation, and/orelements, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother un-recited features, steps, operations, and/or elements.

Hereinafter, a nonvolatile memory device, a data storage deviceincluding the same, and other embodiments of the invention will bedescribed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a representation of an example ofa nonvolatile memory device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, a nonvolatile memory device 100, according to anembodiment of the invention, may include a memory cell array 110, a rowdecoder 120, a column decoder 130, a data read/write block 140, avoltage generator 150, and a control logic 160.

The memory cell array 110 may include memory cells MC arranged at areaswhere word lines WL1 to WLm and bit lines BL1 to BLn intersect with eachother. The memory cells may be grouped into different access units forerase and program (write) or read operations. For example, the memorycells may be grouped into an access unit, such as a memory block as anerase unit and a page as a program and read unit.

The row decoder 120 may be coupled with the memory cell array 110through the word lines WL1 to WLm. Operation of the row decoder 120 maybe controlled by the control logic 160. The row decoder 120 may decodean address provided from an external device (not shown). The row decoder120 may select one of the word lines WL1 to WLm and drive the selectedone and the unselected word lines, based on a decoded address. The rowdecoder 120 may provide word line voltages provided from the voltagegenerator 150, to the word lines WL1 to WLm as may be needed.

The data read/write block 140 may be coupled with the memory cell array110 through the bit lines BL1 to BLn. The data read/write block 140 mayinclude a plurality of read/write circuits RW1 to RWn corresponding tothe bit lines BL1 to BLn, respectively. The data read/write block 140may operate according to control of the control logic 160. The dataread/write block 140 may operate as a write driver or a sense amplifieraccording to an operation mode. For example, in a write operation, thedata read/write block 140 may operate as a write driver which storesdata provided from the external device, in the memory cell array 110.For another example, in a read operation, the data read/write block 140may operate as a sense amplifier which reads out data from the memorycell array 110.

An operation of storing data in the memory cell array 110 may bereferred to as a write operation or a program operation. For the sake ofconvenience in explanation, hereafter, an operation of storing data inthe memory cell array 110 will be referred to as a program operation.

Operation of the column decoder 130 may be controlled by the controllogic 160. The column decoder 130 may decode an address provided from anexternal device (not shown). The column decoder 130 may couple theread/write circuits RW1 to RWn of the data read/write block 140 whichcorrespond to respective bit lines BL1 to BLn with data input/outputlines or data input/output buffers (not shown), based on a decodedaddress.

The voltage generator 150 may generate voltages to be used in internaloperations of the nonvolatile memory device 100, according to control ofthe control logic 160. The voltages generated by the voltage generator150 may be applied to the memory cells of the memory cell array 110. Forexample, in a program operation, a program voltage and a program verifyvoltage may be applied to a word line of memory cells for which theprogram operation is to be performed. For another example, in an eraseoperation, an erase voltage may be applied to an area of memory cellsfor which the erase operation is to be performed, and an erase verifyvoltage may be applied to word lines of memory cells for which the eraseoperation is to be performed. For still another example, in a readoperation, a read voltage may be applied to a word line of memory cellsfor which the read operation is to be performed.

The control logic 160 may control general operations of the nonvolatilememory device 100, based on control signals provided from an externaldevice. For example, the control logic 160 may control main operationsof the nonvolatile memory device 100, such as read, program and eraseoperations of the nonvolatile memory device 100.

The control logic 160 may control two erase modes. In other words, thecontrol logic 160 may control a normal erase mode and a fine erase modeaccording to an erase command provided from the external device.

For instance, if a normal erase command is provided from the externaldevice, the control logic 160 may perform a normal erase operation formemory cells of the memory cell array 110 which are requested to beerased. In order to perform the normal erase operation, the controllogic 160 may control the voltage generator 150 to generate an erasevoltage and an erase verify voltage to be used in the normal eraseoperation.

For another instance, if a fine erase command is provided from theexternal device, the control logic 160 may perform a fine eraseoperation for memory cells of the memory cell array 110 which arerequested to be erased. In order to perform the fine erase operation,the control logic 160 may control the voltage generator 150 to generatean erase voltage and an erase verify voltage to be used in the fineerase operation.

The normal and the fine erase operations will be described below in moredetail.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of threshold voltagedistributions of memory cells included in the memory cell array 110 ofthe memory device 100 of FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 2, each memory cell may be a single level cell (SLC)type. Each SCL type memory cell may be erased to have a thresholdvoltage of an erased state E, and may be programmed to have a thresholdvoltage of a programmed state P.

In a read operation, a read voltage Vrd_P having a voltage level betweenthe erased state E and the programmed state P may be applied to memorycells. If the read voltage Vrd_P is applied, a memory cell having athreshold voltage of the erased state E may be identified as an on cellwhich stores data “1,” and a memory cell having a threshold voltage ofthe programmed state P may be identified as an off cell which storesdata “0.”

In a program operation, in order to determine whether memory cells arecompletely programed, a program verify voltage Vvf_P having a voltagelevel higher than the read voltage Vrd_P may be applied to the memorycells. If the program verify voltage Vvf_P is applied, a memory cellwhich has a threshold voltage lower than or equal to the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P may be identified as an on cell which stores data “1,”that is, a memory cell which is not completely programed, and a memorycell which has a threshold voltage higher than the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P may be identified as an off cell which stores data “0,”that is, a memory cell which is completely programed.

In an erase operation, in order to determine whether memory cellsapplied with an erase voltage are completely erased, an erase verifyvoltage Vvf_E may be applied to the memory cells. If the erase verifyvoltage Vvf_E is applied, a memory cell which has a threshold voltagelower than or equal to the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be identifiedas an on cell which stores data “1,” that is, a memory cell which iscompletely erased, and a memory cell which has a threshold voltagehigher than the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be identified as an offcell which stores data “0,” that is, a memory cell which is notcompletely erased.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a representation of an example ofthreshold voltage distributions of memory cells included in the memorycell array 110 of FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, each memory cell may be a 2-bit multi-level cell(MLC) type. Each memory MLC type cell may be erased to have a thresholdvoltage of an erased state E, and may be programmed to have a thresholdvoltage of any one among a plurality of programmed states P1, P2 and P3.

In a read operation, any one of a first read voltage Vrd_P1 having avoltage level between the erased state E and a first programmed stateP1, a second read voltage Vrd_P2 having a voltage level between thefirst programmed state P1 and a second programmed state P2, and a thirdread voltage Vrd_P3 having a voltage level between the second programmedstate P2 and a third programmed state P3 may be applied to memory cells.

If the second read voltage Vrd_P2 is applied, memory cells havingthreshold voltages of the erased state E and the first programmed stateP1 may be identified as on cells which store LSB data “1,” and memorycells having threshold voltages of the second programmed state P2 andthe third programmed state P3 may be identified as off cells which storeLSB data “0.”

If the first read voltage Vrd_P1 is applied, a memory cell having athreshold voltage of the erased state E may be identified as an on cellwhich stores MSB data “1,” and a memory cell having a threshold voltageof the first programmed state P1 may be identified as an off cell whichstores MSB data “0.”

If the third read voltage Vrd_P3 is applied, a memory cell having athreshold voltage of the second programmed state P2 may be identified asan on cell which stores MSB data “0,” and a memory cell having athreshold voltage of the third programmed state P3 may be identified asan off cell which stores MSB data “1.”

In a program operation, in order to determine whether memory cells arecompletely programed, program verify voltages Vvf_P1, Vvf_P2 and Vvf_P3having voltage levels higher than the read voltages Vrd_P1, Vrd_P2 andVrd_P3, respectively, may be applied to the memory cells.

If the program verify voltage Vvf_P1 is applied to memory cells whichshould be programmed to the first programmed state P1, a memory cellwhich has a threshold voltage lower than or equal to the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P1 may be identified as an on cell which stores data “1,”that is, a memory cell which is not completely programed, and a memorycell which has a threshold voltage higher than the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P1 may be identified as an off cell which stores data “0,”that is, a memory cell which is completely programed.

If the program verify voltage Vvf_P2 is applied to memory cells whichshould be programmed to the second programmed state P2, a memory cellwhich has a threshold voltage lower than or equal to the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P2 may be identified as an on cell which stores data “1,”that is, a memory cell which is not completely programed, and a memorycell which has a threshold voltage higher than the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P2 may be identified as an off cell which stores data “0,”that is, a memory cell which is completely programed.

If the program verify voltage Vvf_P3 is applied to memory cells whichshould be programmed to the third programmed state P3, a memory cellwhich has a threshold voltage lower than or equal to the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P3 may be identified as an on cell which stores data “1,”that is, a memory cell which is not completely programed, and a memorycell which has a threshold voltage higher than the program verifyvoltage Vvf_P3 may be identified as an off cell which stores data “0,”that is, a memory cell which is completely programed.

In an erase operation, in order to determine whether memory cellsapplied with an erase voltage are completely erased, an erase verifyvoltage Vvf_E may be applied to the memory cells. If the erase verifyvoltage Vvf_E is applied, a memory cell which has a threshold voltagelower than or equal to the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be identifiedas an on cell which stores data “1,” that is, a memory cell which iscompletely erased, and a memory cell which has a threshold voltagehigher than the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be identified as an offcell which stores data “0,” that is, a memory cell which is notcompletely erased.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating a stepwise erase method,according to an embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in order to reduce the time required for anerase operation and make threshold voltage distributions denser, memorycells may be erased using a stepwise erase method.

According to the stepwise erase method, an erase voltage Vera of onepulse may be applied to a block area of memory cells, and thereafter, anerase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied to verify whether or not allof the memory cells are erased. Namely, the erase verify voltage Vvf_Emay be applied each time the erase voltage Vera of one pulse is appliedto memory cells. An erase operation of applying the erase voltage Veraand an erase verify operation of applying the erase verify voltage Vvf_Emay constitute an erase loop EL.

After an erase verify operation of a first erase loop EL1 is performed,when it is determined that at least one memory cell which is notcompletely erased exists, the erase voltage Vera may be increased by anincrement ΔV, and a second erase loop EL2 may be performed. That is tosay, the erase loop EL may be repeated with the erase voltage VERA beingincreased in a stepwise manner each time by an increment ΔV until allthe memory cells are erased to threshold voltages lower than or equal tothe erase verify voltage Vvf_E. If not all the memory cells are erasedto the erased state E even though the erase loop EL has been performed amaximum number of times, the erase operation may be ended as a “fall.”

FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams illustrating a normal erase operation and afine erase operation, according to an embodiment of the Invention. Wenote that in FIGS. 6 and 7, symbols including “_N” denote the normalerase operation, whereas including “_F” denote the fine erase operation.

As shown in FIG. 7, while the normal erase operation is performed,normal erase loops EL1_N, EL2_N, EL3_N, . . . may be performed in astepwise manner. For the sake of convenience in explanation, memorycells for which an erase operation is to be performed, that is, erasetarget memory cells, will be referred to as memory cells.

When a first normal erase loop EL1_N is performed, a first normal erasevoltage V_N may be applied to a block area of the memory cells, andthereafter, an erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied to verifywhether or not all of the memory cells are erased. When it is determinedthat not all of the memory cells are erased by the first normal eraseloop EL1_N, a second normal erase loop EL2_N may be performed.

When the second normal erase loop EL2_N is performed, a second normalerase voltage V_N+ΔV_N increased by an increment ΔV_N from the firstnormal erase voltage V_N may be applied to the block area of the memorycells. Thereafter, the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied toverify whether or not the memory cells are erased. When it is determinedthat not all of the memory cells are erased by the second normal eraseloop EL2_N, a third normal erase loop EL3_N may be performed.

When the third normal erase loop EL3_N is performed, a third normalerase voltage V_N+2*ΔV_N increased by the increment ΔV_N from the secondnormal erase voltage V_N+ΔV_N may be applied to the block area of thememory cells, and thereafter, the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may beapplied to verify whether or not all of the memory cells are erased.

When the normal erase loops EL1_N, EL2_N, EL3_N, . . . are performed ina stepwise manner, as in threshold voltage distributions E1_N, E2_N, . .. shown in FIG. 6, the threshold voltages of the memory cells may begradually shifted from a programmed state P toward a normal erased stateE_N. Finally, the memory cells may be erased to have threshold voltagesof the normal erased state E_N.

As shown in FIG. 8, while the fine erase operation is performed, fineerase loops EL1_F, EL2_F, EL3_F, . . . may be performed in a stepwisemanner. For the sake of convenience in explanation, memory cells forwhich an erase operation is to be performed, that is, erase targetmemory cells, will be referred to as memory cells.

When a first fine erase loop EL1_F is performed, a first fine erasevoltage V_F may be applied to the block area of the memory cells, andthereafter, the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied to verifywhether or not all of the memory cells are erased. When it is determinedthat not all of the memory cells are erased by the first fine erase loopEL1_F, a second fine erase loop EL2_F may be performed.

When the second fine erase loop EL2_F is performed, a second fine erasevoltage V_F+ΔV_F increased by an increment ΔV_F from the first fineerase voltage V_F may be applied to the block area of the memory cells,and thereafter, the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied to verifywhether or not all of the memory cells are erased. When it is determinedthat not all of the memory cells are erased by the second fine eraseloop EL2_F, a third fine erase loop EL3_F may be performed.

When the third fine erase loop EL3_F is performed, a third fine erasevoltage V_F+2*ΔV_F increased by the increment ΔV_F from the second fineerase voltage V_F+ΔV_F may be applied to the block area of the memorycells, and thereafter, the erase verify voltage Vvf_E may be applied toverify whether or not all of the memory cells are erased.

When the fine erase loops EL1_F, EL2_F, EL3_F, . . . are performed in astepwise manner, as in threshold voltage distributions E1_F, E2_F, . . .shown in FIG. 6, the threshold voltages of the memory cells may begradually shifted from the programmed state P toward a fine erased stateE_F. Finally, all of the memory cells may be erased to have thresholdvoltages of the fine erased state E_F.

The voltage level of the first normal erase voltage V_N applied to thememory cells while an initial erase loop (that is, the first normalerase loop EL1_N) of the normal erase loops is performed may be higherthan the voltage level of the first fine erase voltage V_F applied tothe memory cells while an initial erase loop (that is, the first fineerase loop EL1_F) of the fine erase loops is performed.

The erase voltage increment ΔV_N added to the erase voltage each timethe normal erase loop EL1_N, EL2_N, EL3_N, . . . is repeated in astepwise manner may be larger than the erase voltage increment ΔV_Fadded to the fine erase voltage each time the fine erase loop EL1_F,EL2_F, EL3_F, . . . is repeated in a stepwise manner.

Since the initial normal erase voltage V_N of the normal erase operationis higher than the initial fine erase voltage V_F of the fine eraseoperation, and the erase voltage increment ΔV_N of the normal eraseoperation is larger than the erase voltage increment ΔV_F of the fineerase operation, a threshold voltage shift amount S1_N due to a singlenormal erase loop may be larger than a threshold voltage shift amountS1_F due to a single fine erase loop. This may mean that a thresholdvoltage shift amount may be more finely adjusted when the fine eraseoperation is performed. As a consequence, the erased state E_F of thememory cells for which the fine erase operation is performed may bedenser than the erased state E_N of the memory cells for which thenormal erase operation is performed.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a data storage device, according to anembodiment of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 9, a data storage device 300 may store data to beaccessed by a host device (not shown), such as a mobile phone, an MP3player, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a game player, a TV, anin-vehicle infotainment system, and the like. The data storage device300 may also be referred to as a memory system.

The data storage device 300 may be manufactured as any one of variouskinds of storage devices according to the protocol of an Interface whichis electrically coupled with the host device. For example, the datastorage device 300 may be configured as any one of various kinds ofstorage devices, such as a solid state drive (SSD), a multimedia card inthe form of an MMC, an eMMC, an RS-MMC and a micro-MMC, a secure digitalcard in the form of an SD, a mini-SD and a micro-SD, a universal serialbus (USB) storage device, a universal flash storage (UFS) device, aPersonal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) cardtype storage device, a peripheral component interconnection (PCI) cardtype storage device, a PCI express (PCI-E) card type storage device, acompact flash (CF) card, a smart media card, a memory stick, and thelike.

The data storage device 300 may be manufactured as any one of variouskinds of package types. For example, the data storage device 300 may bemanufactured as any one of various kinds of package types, such as apackage-on-package (POP), a system-in-package (SIP), a system-on-chip(SOC), a multi-chip package (MCP), a chip-on-board (COB), a wafer-levelfabricated package (WFP), a wafer-level stack package (WSP) and thelike.

The data storage device 300 may include a nonvolatile memory device 100.The nonvolatile memory device 100 may operate as a storage medium of thedata storage device 300. The nonvolatile memory device 100 may beconfigured by the nonvolatile memory device 100 shown in FIG. 1. Thenonvolatile memory device 100 may be configured by any one of varioustypes of nonvolatile memory devices, such as a NOR flash memory device,a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) using a ferroelectriccapacitor, a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) using a tunnelingmagneto-resistive (TMR) layer, a phase change random access memory(PRAM) using a chalcogenide alloy, a resistive random access memory(RERAM) using a transition metal oxide and the like.

The data storage device 300 may include a controller 200. The controller200 may include a control unit 210 and a random access memory 230.

The control unit 210 may control general operations of the controller200. The control unit 210 may analyze and process a signal or a requestwhich is inputted from the host device. To this end, the control unit210 may decode and drive a firmware or a software loaded on the randomaccess memory 230. The control unit 210 may be realized in the form of ahardware or in the combined form of a hardware and a software.

The random access memory 230 may store a firmware or a software to bedriven by the control unit 210. Also, the random access memory 230 maystore data necessary for the driving of the firmware or the software,for example, metadata. That is to say, the random access memory 230 mayoperate as a working memory of the control unit 210. The random accessmemory 230 may temporarily store data to be transmitted from the hostdevice to the nonvolatile memory device 100 or from the nonvolatilememory device 100 to the host device. In other words, the random accessmemory 230 may operate as a data buffer memory or a data cache memory.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a firmware or a software to be drivenin the random access memory 230 shown in FIG. 9.

In the case where the nonvolatile memory device 100 is configured by aflash memory device, the control unit 210 may control an erase operationin a unit of a memory block, and may control a read or program operationin a unit of a page. Further, in the case where the nonvolatile memorydevice 100 is configured by a flash memory device, the control unit 210may perform in advance an erase operation in order to store new data inmemory cells which are stored with data.

The control unit 210 of the data storage device 300, which uses a flashmemory device as a data storage medium, may drive a firmware or asoftware referred to as a flash translation layer FTL, to control anoperation peculiar to the flash memory device and provide devicecompatibility to the host device. Through driving of such a flashtranslation layer FTL, the data storage device 300 may be recognized asa general data storage device such as a hard disk, by the host device.

The flash translation layer FTL loaded on the random access memory 230may be configured by modules for performing various functions andmetadata necessary for driving of the modules. For example, whenreferring to FIG. 10, the flash translation layer FTL may include anaddress mapping table MAP, a wear-leveling module WL, a garbagecollection module GC, a bad block management module BB, an eraseoperation control module EC, and so forth.

In the case where the host device accesses the data storage device 300(for example, requests a read operation or a program operation), thehost device may provide a logical address to the data storage device300. The flash translation layer FTL may translate the provided logicaladdress into a physical address of the nonvolatile memory device 100,and perform a requested operation by referring to the converted physicaladdress. In order for such an address translation operation, addresstranslation data, that is, the address mapping table MAP may be includedin the flash translation layer FTL.

The wear-leveling module WL may manage wear levels for memory blocks ofthe nonvolatile memory device 100. Memory cells of the nonvolatilememory device 100 may be aged by program and erase operations. Agedmemory cells, that is, worn-out memory cells may cause fails (forexample, physical defects). The wear-leveling module WL may manage theprogram-erase counts of respective memory blocks in such a way as to beleveled, in order to prevent a certain memory block from being worn outearlier than the other memory blocks.

The garbage collection module GC may manage memory blocks wherefragmented data are stored. In the case where the nonvolatile memorydevice 100 is configured by a flash memory device, as described above,it is not possible for the nonvolatile memory device 100 to perform anoverwrite operation, and a unit of erase may be larger than a unit ofprogram. For this reason, the nonvolatile memory device 100 may need anoperation of collecting valid data dispersed at physically differentpositions to one place, when a storage space reaches a limit. Thegarbage collection module GC may perform an operation of collectingvalid data fragmented due to performance of a plurality of writeoperations and a plurality of erase operations, to a collection area.

The bad block management module BB may manage a memory block in which afail has occurred, among the memory blocks of the nonvolatile memorydevice 100. As described above, a fail (for example, a physical defect)may occur in a worn-out memory cell. Data stored in a failed memory cellmay not be normally read out. Moreover, data may not be normally storedin a failed memory cell. The bad block management module BB may manage amemory block including a failed memory cell, in such a way as to be notused.

The erase operation control module EC may select an erase operation ofthe nonvolatile memory device 100 according to an operation mode of thedata storage device 300, and may provide an erase command correspondingto the selected erase operation, to the nonvolatile memory device 100.

For instance, when the data storage device 300 operates in a backgroundmode, the erase operation control module EC may provide a fine erasecommand so that memory cells of the nonvolatile memory device 100 areerased by a fine erase operation. The background mode may mean a modethat is performed to manage the nonvolatile memory device 100 when thereis no access request from the host device. During the background mode,the address mapping table may be managed, the wear-leveling operationmay be performed, the garbage collection operation may be performed, orthe bad block management operation may be performed.

For another instance, when the data storage device 300 operates in anormal mode, the erase operation control module EC may provide a normalerase command so that memory cells of the nonvolatile memory device 100are erased by a normal erase operation. Also, when the data storagedevice 300 operates in the normal mode, the erase operation controlmodule EC may provide a fine erase command so that memory cells of thenonvolatile memory device 100 are erased by a fine erase operation. Thatis to say, when the data storage device 300 operates in the normal mode,the erase operation control module EC may provide any one of a normalerase command and a fine erase command to the nonvolatile memory device100 as the occasion demands.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a data processing system including a datastorage device, according to an embodiment of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 11, a data processing system 1000 may include a hostdevice 1100 and a data storage device 1200 coupled to the host device.The data storage device 1200 may include a controller 1210 and anonvolatile memory device 1220. The host device 1100 may be or comprisea mobile phone, an MP3 player, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, agame player, a TV, an in-vehicle infotainment system, and the like.

The controller 1210 may include a host interface unit 1211, a controlunit 1212, a memory interface unit 1213, a random access memory 1214,and an error correction code (ECC) unit 1215. The controller 1210 mayperform the operation of the erase operation control module EC describedabove with reference to FIG. 10.

The control unit 1212 may control general operations of the controller1210 in response to a request from the host device 1100. The controlunit 1212 may drive a firmware or a software for controlling thenonvolatile memory device 1220.

The random access memory 1214 may be used as a working memory of thecontrol unit 1212. The random access memory 1214 may be used as a buffermemory which temporarily stores the data read from the nonvolatilememory device 1220 or the data provided from the host device 1100.

The host interface unit 1211 may interface the host device 1100 and thecontroller 1210. For example, the host interface unit 1211 maycommunicate with the host device 1100 through one of various interfaceprotocols such as a universal serial bus (USB) protocol, a universalflash storage (UFS) protocol, a multimedia card (MMC) protocol, aperipheral component interconnection (PCI) protocol, a PCI express(PCI-E) protocol, a parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA)protocol, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) protocol, asmall computer system interface (SCSI) protocol, a serial attached SCSI(SAS) protocol and the like.

The memory interface unit 1213 may interface the controller 1210 and thenonvolatile memory device 1220. The memory interface unit 1213 mayprovide commands and addresses to the nonvolatile memory device 1220.Furthermore, the memory interface unit 1213 may exchange data with thenonvolatile memory device 1220.

The ECC unit 1215 may detect an error of the data read from thenonvolatile memory device 1220. Also, the ECC unit 1215 may beconfigured to correct the detected error when the detected error iswithin a correctable range.

The nonvolatile memory device 1220 may be used as a storage medium ofthe data storage device 1200. The nonvolatile memory device 1220 mayinclude a plurality of nonvolatile memory chips (or dies) NVM_1 toNVM_k. Each of the nonvolatile memory chips (or dies) NVM_1 to NVM_k mayperform the normal erase operation and the fine erase operationdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

The controller 1210 and the nonvolatile memory device 1220 may bemanufactured as any one of various data storage devices. For example,the controller 1210 and the nonvolatile memory device 1220 may beintegrated into one semiconductor device and may be manufactured as anyone of a multimedia card in the form of an MMC, an eMMC, an RS-MMC and amicro-MMC, a secure digital card in the form of an SD, a mini-SD and anmicro-SD, a universal serial bus (USB) storage device, a universal flashstorage (UFS) device, a Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation (PCMCIA) card, a compact flash (CF) card, a smart mediacard, a memory stick, and the like.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a data processing system including a solidstate drive (SSD), according to an embodiment of the invention.

Referring to FIG. 12, a data processing system 2000 may include a hostdevice 2100 and a solid state drive (SSD) 2200 coupled to the hostdevice 2100.

The SSD 2200 may include an SSD controller 2210, a buffer memory device2220, nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n, a power supply 2240, asignal connector 2250, and a power connector 2260.

The SSD controller 2210 may access the nonvolatile memory devices 2231to 223 n in response to a request from the host device 2100. The SSDcontroller 2210 may, for example, perform the erase operation of thecontrol module EC described above with reference to FIG. 10.

The buffer memory device 2220 may temporarily store data which are to bestored in the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n. Further, thebuffer memory device 2220 may temporarily store data which are read fromthe nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n. The data storedtemporarily in the buffer memory device 2220 may be transmitted to thehost device 2100 or the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n underthe control of the SSD controller 2210.

The nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n may be used as storagemedia of the SSD 2200. Each of the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to223 n may perform the normal and fine erase operations described abovewith reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

The nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n may be coupled with the SSDcontroller 2210 through a plurality of channels CH1 to CHn,respectively. One or more nonvolatile memory devices may be coupled toone channel. The one or more nonvolatile memory devices coupled to onechannel may be coupled to the same signal and data bus.

The power supply 2240 may provide power PWR inputted through the powerconnector 2260, to the inside of the SSD 2200. The power supply 2240 mayinclude an auxiliary power supply 2241. The auxiliary power supply 2241may supply power to allow the SSD 2200 to be normally terminated when asudden power-off occurs. The auxiliary power supply 2241 may includesuper capacitors capable of being charged with power PWR.

The SSD controller 2210 may exchange a signal SGL with the host device2100 through the signal connector 2250. The signal SGL may include acommand, an address, data, and so forth. The signal connector 2250 maybe configured by a connector, such as of parallel advanced technologyattachment (PATA), serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), smallcomputer system interface (SCSI), serial attached SCSI (SAS), peripheralcomponent interconnection (PCI) and PCI express (PCI-E) protocols,according to the interface scheme between the host device 2100 and theSSD 2200.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example of the SSD controller 2210shown in FIG. 12.

Referring to FIG. 13, the SSD controller 2210 may include a memoryinterface unit 2211, a host interface unit 2212, an error correctioncode (ECC) unit 2213, a control unit 2214, and a random access memory2215.

The memory interface unit 2211 may provide a control signal, such as acommand and an address to the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n.Moreover, the memory interface unit 2211 may exchange data with thenonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n. The memory interface unit 2211may scatter the data transmitted from the buffer memory device 2220 tothe respective channels CH1 to CHn, under the control of the controlunit 2214. Furthermore, the memory interface unit 2211 may transmit thedata read from the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n to thebuffer memory device 2220, under the control of the control unit 2214.

The host interface unit 2212 may provide an interface with the SSD 2200in correspondence to the protocol of the host device 2100. For example,the host interface unit 2212 may communicate with the host device 2100through one of parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA), serialadvanced technology attachment (SATA), small computer system interface(SCSI), serial attached SCSI (SAS), peripheral component interconnection(PCI), PCI express (PCI-E) protocols and the like. In addition, the hostinterface unit 2212 may perform a disk emulating function of supportingthe host device 2100 to recognize the SSD 2200 as a hard disk drive(HDD).

The ECC unit 2213 may generate parity bits based on the data transmittedto the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n. The generated paritydata may be stored along with data in the nonvolatile memory devices2231 to 223 n. The ECC unit 2213 may detect an error of the data readfrom the nonvolatile memory devices 2231 to 223 n. When the detectederror is within a correctable range, the ECC unit 2213 may correct thedetected error.

The control unit 2214 may analyze and process the signal SGL inputtedfrom the host device 2100. The control unit 2214 may control theoperations of the buffer memory device 2220 and the nonvolatile memorydevices 2231 to 223 n according to a firmware or a software for drivingthe SSD 2200.

The random access memory 2215 may be used as a working memory fordriving the firmware or the software.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a computer system including a data storagedevice, according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG.14, a computer system 3000 may include a network adaptor 3100, a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 3200, a data storage device 3300, a RAM 3400, aROM 3500 and a user interface 3600, all of which may be coupled to asystem bus 3700. The data storage device 3300 may be or comprise, forexample, the data storage devices 300 and 1200 of FIGS. 9 and 11 or theSSD 2200 of FIG. 12.

The network adaptor 3100 may provide interfacing between the computersystem 3000 and external networks. The CPU 3200 performs generaloperations for driving an operating system residing at the RAM 3400 oran application program.

The data storage device 3300 may store general data necessary in thecomputer system 3000. For example, an operating system for driving thecomputer system 3000, an application program, various program modules,program data and user data may be stored in the data storage device3300.

The RAM 3400 may be used as a working memory of the computer system3000. Upon booting, the operating system, the application program, thevarious program modules and the program data necessary for drivingprograms may be read from the data storage device 3300 and loaded on theRAM 3400. A basic input/output system (BIOS) may be activated before theoperating system is driven and stored in the ROM 3500. Informationexchange between the computer system 3000 and a user may be enabledthrough the user interface 3600.

While various embodiments have been described above, it will beunderstood by those skilled in the relevant art that the describedembodiments are examples only of the invention. Accordingly, thenonvolatile memory device and the data storage device including the samedescribed herein should not be limited based on the describedembodiments and many other embodiments and or variations of theinvention may be envisaged by those skilled in the relevant art withoutdeparting from the spirit and or scope of the invention as defined inthe appended claims.

1. A data storage device comprising: a nonvolatile memory device; and acontroller coupled to the nonvolatile memory device, the controllerbeing suitable for providing a normal erase command or a fine erasecommand to the nonvolatile memory device; wherein the nonvolatile memorydevice is suitable for performing a first normal erase loop and a firstfine erase loop according to the normal and fine erase commands,respectively, wherein the first normal erase loop comprises applying afirst normal erase voltage and an erase verify voltage to erase targetmemory cells selected according to the normal erase command, and thefirst fine erase loop comprises applying a first fine erase voltage andan erase verify voltage to the erase target memory cells, wherein, whenit is determined that the erase target memory cells are not erased bythe first normal erase loop, the nonvolatile memory device performs asecond normal erase loop in which a second normal erase voltageincreased by a first increment from the first normal erase voltage andthe erase verify voltage are applied to the erase target memory cells,wherein, when it is determined that the erase target memory cells arenot erased by the first fine erase loop, the nonvolatile memory deviceperforms a second fine erase loop in which a second fine erase voltageincreased by a second increment from the first fine erase voltage andthe erase verify voltage are applied to the erase target memory cells,and wherein a magnitude of the first increment between the normal eraseloops is larger than a magnitude of the second increment between thefine erase loops.
 2. (canceled)
 3. The data storage device according toclaim 1, wherein a level of the first normal erase voltage is higherthan a level of the first fine erase voltage. 4-6. (canceled)
 7. Thedata storage device according to claim 1, wherein the controllerprovides the fine erase command to the nonvolatile memory device, whileoperating in a background mode in which there is no access request froman external device.
 8. The data storage device according to claim 1,wherein the controller provides the normal erase command or the fineerase command to the nonvolatile memory device, while operating in anormal mode in which there is an access request from the externaldevice.
 9. A nonvolatile memory device comprising: memory cells; avoltage generator suitable for generating voltages to be provided to thememory cells; and a control logic suitable for performing a first normalerase loop in which the voltage generator is controlled so that a firstnormal erase voltage and an erase verify voltage are applied to erasetarget memory cells among the memory cells, according to a normal erasecommand provided from an external device, and performing a first fineerase loop in which the voltage generator is controlled so that a firstfine erase voltage and the erase verify voltage are applied to the erasetarget memory cells, according to a fine erase command provided from theexternal device, wherein, when it is determined that the erase targetmemory cells are not erased by the first normal erase loop, the controllogic performs a second normal erase loop in which the voltage generatoris controlled so that a second normal erase voltage increased by a firstincrement from the first normal erase voltage and the erase verifyvoltage are applied to the erase target memory cells, wherein, when itis determined that the erase target memory cells are not erased by thefirst fine erase loop, the control logic performs a second fine eraseloop in which the voltage generator is controlled so that a second fineerase voltage increased by a second increment from the first fine erasevoltage and the erase verify voltage are applied to the erase targetmemory cells, and wherein a magnitude of the first increment between thenormal erase loops is larger than a magnitude of the second incrementbetween the fine erase loops.
 10. The nonvolatile memory deviceaccording to claim 9, wherein a level of the first normal erase voltageis higher than a level of the first fine erase voltage. 11-13.(canceled)